Nanobubbles for the Mitigation of Composite Fouling in Wastewater Distribution Systems

•Nanobubbles (NBs) effectively mitigated biofouling, scaling, and particulate fouling.•The control mechanisms of NBs for various foulants were revealed.•The NBs antifouling were investigated using different gas types, doses and strategies.•Practical measures for the successful engineering application of NBs were proposed.