When Mobile Energy Meets Active Distribution Networks: A Security-Economic Coordination Perspective

This article explores the interaction between active distribution networks (ADN) and mobile energy, specifically mobile charging robots (MCRs) and electric vehicles (EVs). We introduce the concept of MCR operator, who acts as a mediator between EVs and the ADN. To realize the interaction among the three parties, a cloud-edge-terminal control framework is formulated considering the coupling factors with the transportation systems. On this basis, the interaction between MCRs and EVs is achieved based on the game theory, which is implemented in a fully distributed manner to protect the data privacy. To reduce the computation complexity, the game-based interactive problem is further decomposed into a charging price bargaining problem and a charging decision and power regulation problem. Furthermore, the power quality of the ADN is guaranteed through incentivizing the charging/discharging behaviors of MCRs, which is formulated as a coordination between the ADN operator and the MCR operator, and the topology switching is also taken into consideration, thus the voltage regulation ability of the ADN and the economics of the MCR operator can be enhanced at the same time. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed approach, which also indicate that mobile energy and the ADN can achieve a win-win situation by benefiting all parties: Improving the utility for the EV aggregator by 35.48% (reducing the charging cost for EV owners), increasing the charging revenue for the MCR operator by 12%, and addressing the voltage issue for the ADN with a 100% voltage security rate.