The effect of a task-specific training on upper limb performance and kinematics while performing a reaching task in a fatigued state

Background Fatigue impacts motor performance and upper limb kinematics. It is of interest to study whether it is possible to minimize the potentially detrimental effects of fatigue with prevention programs. Objective To determine the effect of task-specific training on upper limb kinematics and motor performance when reaching in a fatigued state. Methods Thirty healthy participants were recruited (Training group n = 15; Control group n = 15). Both groups took part in two evaluation sessions (Day 1 and Day 5) during which they performed a reaching task (as quickly and accurately as possible) in two conditions (rested and fatigued). During the reaching task, joint kinematics and motor performance (accuracy and speed) were evaluated. The Training group participated in three task-specific training sessions between Day 1 and Day 5; they trained once a day, for three days. The Control group did not perform any training. A three-way non-parametric ANOVA for repeated measures (Nonparametric Analysis of Longitudinal Data; NparLD) was used to assess the impact of the training (Condition [within subject]: rested, fatigued; Day [within subject]: Day 1 vs. Day 5 and Group [between subjects]: Training vs. Control). Results After the training period, the Training group significantly improved their reaching speed compared to the Control group (Day x Group p < .01; Time effect: Training group = p < .01, Control group p = .20). No between-group difference was observed with respect to accuracy. The Training group showed a reduction in contralateral trunk rotation and lateral trunk flexion in Day 2 under the fatigue condition (Group x Day p < .04; Time effect: Training group = p < .01, Control group = p < .59). Conclusion After the 3-day training, participants demonstrated improved speed and reduced reliance on trunk compensations to complete the task under fatigue conditions. Task-specific training could help minimizing some effects of fatigue.