Double stop-band structure near half-integer tunes in high-intensity rings

This paper addresses a detailed experimental study of collective instability bands generated near every half-integer tune per lattice period by coherent dipole and quadrupole resonances. Both instabilities appear side by side or overlap each other but are mostly separable because the dipole resonance often creates a narrower stop band accompanied by more severe particle losses. The separation of these low-order resonance bands becomes greater as the beam intensity increases. In principle, the double stop-band structure can be formed even without machine imperfections when the beam's initial phase-space profile is deviated from the ideal stationary distribution. The tabletop ion-trap system called "S-POD" is employed to experimentally demonstrate the parameter dependence of the double stop-band structure. Numerical simulations are also performed for comparison with experimental observations.