Classification feasibility test on multi-lead electrocardiography signals generated from single-lead electrocardiography signals

Nowadays, Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals can be measured using wearable devices, such as smart watches. Most wearable devices provide only a few details; however, they have the advantage of recording data in real time. In this study, 12-lead ECG signals were generated from lead I and their feasibility was tested to obtain more details. The 12-lead ECG signals were generated using a U-net-based generative adversarial network (GAN) that was trained on ECG data obtained from the Asan Medical Center. Subsequently, unseen PTB-XL PhysioNet data were used to produce real 12-lead ECG signals for classification. The generated and real 12-lead ECG signals were then compared using a ResNet classification model; and the normal, atrial fibrillation (A-fib), left bundle branch block (LBBB), right bundle branch block (RBBB), left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), and right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) were classified. The mean precision, recall, and f1-score for the real 12-lead ECG signals are 0.70, 0.72, and 0.70, and that for the generated 12-lead ECG signals are 0.82, 0.80, and 0.81, respectively. In our study, according to the result generated 12-lead ECG signals performed better than real 12-lead ECG.