An efficient grafting method for phytoplasma transmission in Catharanthus roseus

Background Phytoplasmas are parasitic plant pathogens that reside intracellularly within the sieve tube cells. Phytoplasmas induce various symptoms, including floral virescence, phyllody, leaf yellowing, and witches’-broom. Currently, it is challenging to culture phytoplasma in vitro. In the laboratory, phytoplasmas are generally maintained in alternative host plants, such as Catharanthus roseus . Grafting is used to transmit phytoplasmas among the alternative hosts. During the experiment, scions from infected plants are grafted onto healthy plants using a side grafting method. However, the practice has certain limitations, including its inability to be applied to small plants and its irregular disease incidence. Results Here, we demonstrate a new approach, penetration grafting, to overcome the limitations of side grafting. This grafting method allows phytoplasma to be efficiently and uniformly transmitted into the inoculated plants. No significant difference was observed in phytoplasma accumulation between both grafting techniques. However, penetration grafting allows rapid symptom development, saving waiting time and reducing space usage. Conclusions This study provides a reliable and stable method for experiments that require grafting transmission.