Clinical Chorioamnionitis and Neurodevelopment at 5 Years of Age in Children Born Preterm: The EPIPAGE-2 Cohort Study.

OBJECTIVE:To assess the association between clinical chorioamnionitis and neurodevelopmental disorders at 5 years of age in children born preterm. STUDY DESIGN:EPIPAGE 2 is a national, population-based cohort study of children born before 35 weeks of gestation in France in 2011. We included infants born alive between 240/7 and 346/7 weeks after preterm labor or preterm premature rupture of membranes. Clinical chorioamnionitis was defined as maternal fever before labor (>37.8°C) with ≥2 of the following criteria: maternal tachycardia, hyperleukocytosis, uterine contractions, purulent amniotic fluid, or fetal tachycardia. The primary outcome was a composite, including cerebral palsy, coordination disorders, cognitive disorders, sensory disorders, or behavioral disorders. We also analyzed each of these disorders separately as secondary outcomes. We performed a multivariable analysis using logistic regression models. We accounted for the nonindependence of twins and missing data by generalized estimating equation models and multiple imputations, respectively. RESULTS:Among 2927 children alive at 5 years of age, 124 (3%) were born in a context of clinical chorioamnionitis. Overall, 8.2% and 9.6% of children exposed and unexposed, respectively, to clinical chorioamnionitis had moderate-to-severe neurodevelopmental disorders. After multiple imputations and multivariable analysis, clinical chorioamnionitis was not associated with the occurrence of moderate-to-severe neurodevelopmental disorders (aOR, 0.9; 95% CI, 0.5-1.8). CONCLUSIONS:We did not find any association between clinical chorioamnionitis and neurodevelopmental disorders at 5 years of age in children born at <35 weeks of gestation after preterm labor or preterm premature rupture of membrane.