Conservation implications of seed germination studies of Aquilegia fragrans Benth.-A native and endangered medicinal plant species of Kashmir Himalaya

Insufficient investigation of seed germination studies of threatened plant species creates practical obstacles to their conservation efforts. Here, we investigate the seed germination of Aquilegia fragrans Benth.-an endangered medicinal plant species native to Himalaya. The effects of stratification conditions including time (10, 20, 30, and 40 days), temperature (-4, -10, and -20 degrees C), and hormone treatments (250 ppm GA3, 30 ppm BAP, and 30 ppm Zeatin) on germination of A. fragrans seeds collected from the alpine belt of Kashmir Himalaya were examined. Seeds of species exhibited non-deep simple morphophysiological dormancy (MPD). Seed germination showed significant differences among the various treatments. It was observed that the application of GA3, zeatin, and BAP significantly improved seed germination as compared with the control. The highest germination percentage (73 +/- 1 %) along with maximum germination index (1.05 +/- 0.05) was recorded in T30 (Seeds stratified for 30 days at -10 degrees C and treatment with Zeatin 30 ppm) followed by T19 (seeds stratified at -10 degrees C for 20 days and treatment with zeatin 30 ppm). The seed germination studies of A. fragrans have not been carried out before, and the information gathered in the present study may prove useful for the conservation of the target plant species. The present study will help in the conservation, sustainable development, and restoration of this prized medicinal plant species. (c) 2024 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.