Recent advances on beneficial management of lithium refinery residue in China

The rising demand for lithium production has led to the increased generation of lithium refinery residues (LRRs), emerging as a significant large-scale solid waste issue requiring proper management. The chemical composition and mineral phase composition of LRRs are summarized in this work. Silicon and aluminum are the predominant components, and their oxides typically sum up to over 80% of the bulk chemical composition of LRR. Therefore, research efforts have focused on exploring the pozzolanic property of LRR and finding ways to reuse the silicon and aluminum components in product fabrication. This work critically reviewed the beneficial management of LRR in various applications, including cement and concrete production, geopolymer fabrication, synthesis of adsorbent materials, and comprehensive recycling of value materials. Additionally, the major difficulties associated with LRR management are discussed and further perspectives on the beneficial management of LRR are provided. This work provides insights into enhancing the advantageous reuse and recycling of LRR, ultimately contributing to the sustainability of the entire lithium industry.