Geometric Perfect Fluids and Dark Side of the Universe
arxiv(2024)
Abstract
Recently we showed that in FLRW cosmology, the contribution from higher
curvature terms in any generic metric gravity theory to the energy-momentum
tensor is of the perfect fluid form. Such a geometric perfect fluid can be
interpreted as a fluid remaining from the beginning of the universe where the
string theory is thought to be effective. Just a short time after the beginning
of the Universe, it is known that the Einstein-Hilbert action is assumed to be
modified by adding all possible curvature invariants. We propose that the
observed late-time accelerating expansion of the Universe can be solely driven
by this geometric fluid. To support our claim, we specifically study the
quadratic gravity field equations in D-dimensions. We show that the field
equations of this theory for the FLRW metric possess a geometric perfect fluid
source containing two critical parameters σ_1 and σ_2. To analyze
this theory concerning its parameter space (σ_1, σ_2), we obtain
the general second-order nonlinear differential equation governing the
late-time dynamics of the deceleration parameter q. Hence using some
present-day cosmological data as our initial conditions, our findings for the
σ_2=0 case are as follows: (i) In order to have a positive energy
density for the geometric fluid ρ_g, the parameter σ_1 must be
negative for all dimensions up to D = 11, (ii) For a suitable choice of
σ_1, the deceleration parameter experiences signature changes in the
past and future, and in the meantime it lies within a negative range which
means that the current observed accelerated expansion phase of the Universe can
be driven solely by the curvature of the spacetime, (iii) q experiences a
signature change and as the dimension D of spacetime increases, this
signature change happens at earlier and later times, in the past and future,
respectively.
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