Russian–Mongolian Cooperation in the Field of Digital Ecological Monitoring of the Baikal Natural Territory and Khuvsgul region

The Baikal Natural Territory (BNT) and Khuvsgul region have similar environmental problems. It is relevant to carry out integrated scientific studies and monitor the state of the components of the natural environment in these areas. This paper presents the results of a number of joint Russian–Mongolian projects aimed at studying and developing new methods and technologies for integrated environmental monitoring and prediction. A digital platform has been created to support scientific research and environmental monitoring. This platform makes it possible to collect, store, process, and analyze large arrays of heterogeneous spatiotemporal data and predict environmental situations using a set of mathematical and information models, services, and machine learning methods. The authors have also developed methods and web services for environmental monitoring based on the processing of Earth remote sensing (RS) data. A technology for classifying multispectral Sentinel-2 satellite images has been created that makes it possible to distinguish 12 classes of the land cover using artificial intelligence methods. A service for monitoring the state of the atmosphere over large areas has been created based on the processing of Sentinel-5P satellite data. This service makes it possible to display the concentrations of SO 2 , NO 2 , CO, CH 4 , H 2 O, O 3 , formaldehydes, and aerosols in the air.