Improved intraoperative identification of close margins in oral squamous cell carcinoma resections using a dual aperture fluorescence ratio approach: first in-human results.

Significance:Surgical excision is the main treatment for solid tumors in oral squamous cell carcinomas, where wide local excision (achieving a healthy tissue margin of >5  mm around the excised tumor) is the goal as it results in reduced local recurrence rates and improved overall survival. Aim:No clinical methods are available to assess the complete surgical margin intraoperatively while the patient is still on the operating table; and while recent intraoperative back-bench fluorescence-guided surgery approaches have shown promise for detecting "positive" inadequate margins (<1  mm), they have had limited success in the detection of "close" inadequate margins (1 to 5 mm). Here, a dual aperture fluorescence ratio (dAFR) approach was evaluated as a means of improving detection of close margins. Approach:The approach was evaluated on surgical specimens from patients who were administered a tumor-specific fluorescent imaging agent (cetuximab-800CW) prior to surgery. The dAFR approach was compared directly against standard wide-field fluorescence imaging and pathology measurements of margin thickness in specimens from three patients and a total of 12 margin locations (1 positive, 5 close, and 6 clear margins). Results:The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, representing the ability to detect close compared to clear margins (>5  mm) was found to be 1.0 and 0.57 for dAFR and sAF, respectively. Improvements in dAFR were found to be statistically significant (p<0.02). Conclusions:These results provide evidence that the dAFR approach potentially improves detection of close surgical margins.