(p-ClPhSe)₂ modulation on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism requires the insulin-like signaling in Caenorhabditis elegans

Organoselenium compounds modulate the metabolism by regulating carbohydrate and lipid syntheses and degradation in the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue. Notably, p-chloro-diphenyl diselenide (p-ClPhSe)(2) can directly regulate the activities of enzymes involved in glucose metabolism, suggesting an insulin-like effect in rodents; however, there is still a lack of scientific evidence to confirm this hypothesis. The objective of this study was to investigate (p-ClPhSe)(2) effects on glucose and lipid metabolism in Caenorhabditis elegans. The contribution of AGE-1/PI3K, AKT -1, AKT -2, PFK-1, DAF-16, and DAF-2 in the (p-ClPhSe)2 effects were also investigated. Our results demonstrate that (p-ClPhSe)2 acute exposure presented some toxicity to the worms, and therefore, lower concentrations were further used. (p-ClPhSe)(2) reduced glucose and triglyceride levels to the baseline levels, after induction with glucose or fructose, in wild -type worms. This effect required proteins involved in the insulin/IGF1 like signaling, such as the DAF-2, AGE-1, AKT -1 and AKT -2, PFK-1, but also DAF-16, which would be negatively regulated by DAF-2 activation. Moreover, the reduction in glucose and triglyceride levels, caused by (p-ClPhSe)2 per se was lost in age-1/daf-16 worms, suggesting that insulin/IGF-1-like signaling in a DAF-2 and AGE-1/DAF-16 dependent-manner in C. elegans are necessary to effects of (p-ClPhSe)(2). In conclusion, (p-ClPhSe)(2) requires proteins involved in the IIS pathway to modulate carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.