Plasmonic excitations in double-walled carbon nanotubes

The interactions of charged particles moving paraxially in multi-walled carbon nanotubes may excite electromagnetic modes. This wake effect has recently been proposed as a potential novel method of short-wavelength high-gradient particle acceleration and for obtaining brilliant radiation sources. In this work, the excitation of wakefields in double-walled carbon nanotubes is studied by means of the linearized hydrodynamic theory. General expressions have been derived for the excited longitudinal and transverse wakefields and related to the resonant wavenumbers which can be obtained from the dispersion relation. In the absence of friction, the stopping power of the wakefield driver, modelled here as a charged macroparticle, can be written solely as a function of these resonant wavenumbers. The dependencies of the wakefields on the radii of the double-walled carbon nanotubes and the driving velocity have been studied. Double-walled carbon nanotubes with inter-wall distances much smaller than the internal radius may be a potential option to obtain higher wakefields for particle acceleration compared to single-walled carbon nanotubes.