Out-of-plane punching simulation based on a layered-shell model

A layered -shell model is a potential tool in the numerical simulation of structures. It has been rapidly developed and widely applied in recent years and can simulate the primary stress states of structures. However, the out -of -plane punching effect is the only stress state that traditional layered -shell models cannot simulate. Therefore, this study introduces an out -of -plane nonlinear shear stress-strain constitutive law into the traditional layered -shell model and proposes a new type of layered -shell element that can simulate the punching shear effect. First, based on the layered -shell model element, the out -of -plane nonlinear punching effect was considered in the general finite element program Marc. An efficient and convenient layered -shell element was established for modelling punching in slabs. Then, based on the results of test data, a trilinear model was used to define the constitutive relationship of the out -of -plane punching model. The critical parameters consisted of the punching capacity, cracking load, initial stiffness, and shear stiffness after cracking. Finally, the developed layered -shell element was used in component analysis, and the punching shear in the slab specimens was simulated with different design parameters to verify the accuracy of the model. This study compared and validated the calculation equations for these key parameters using the experimental data of punching in slabs with different design parameters, providing a reliable calculation tool for the nonlinear analysis of punching in slabs.