Cognitive and Social Decision Making: Three-Way Decision Perspectives

This paper introduces a new research direction named cognitive and social decision making (CSDM). From a three-way decision perspective, we discuss the main issues of CSDM, including the research scope, problems, and challenges. We adopt the notion of Symbols-meaning-value spaces as a basis for studying CSDM. We examine three perspectives on CSDM, namely, (1) a research framework consisting of the philosophy, theory, and practice of CSDM, (2) a social hierarchy consisting of the three levels of individual, community, and society, and (3) an intelligence and intelligent systems view consisting of human intelligence, machine intelligence, and human-machine co-intelligence.