How predicted temperature and salinity changes will modulate the impacts induced by terbium in bivalves?

The threat of climate change, including shifts in salinity and temperature, has generated a global concern for marine organisms. These changes directly impact them and may alter their susceptibility to contaminants, such as terbium (Tb), found in electronic waste. This study assessed how decreased and increased salinity, as well as increased temperature, modulates Tb effects in Mytilus galloprovincialis mussels. After an exposure period of 28 days, terbium bioaccumulation and biochemical changes were evaluated. Results indicated no significant modulation of salinity and temperature on Tb accumulation, suggesting detoxification mechanisms and adaptations. Further analysis showed that Tb exposure alone caused antioxidant inhibition and neurotoxicity. When exposed to decreased salinity, these Tb-exposed organisms activated defense mechanisms, a response indicative of osmotic stress. Moreover, increased salinity also led to increased oxidative stress and metabolic activity in Tb-exposed organisms. Additionally, Tb-exposed organisms responded to elevated temperature with altered biochemical activities indicative of damage and stress response. Such responses indicated that Tb effects were masked by osmotic and heat stress. This study provides valuable insights on the interactions between temperature, salinity, and contaminants such as Tb, impacting marine organisms. Understanding these relationships is crucial for mitigating climate change and electronic waste effects on marine ecosystems.