Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 a (HNF4): A perspective in cancer

HNF4 alpha, a transcription factor, plays a vital role in regulating functional genes and biological processes. Its alternative splicing leads to various transcript variants encoding different isoforms. The spotlight has shifted towards the extensive discussion on tumors interplayed withHNF4 alpha abnormalities. Aberrant HNF4 alpha expression has emerged as sentinel markers of epigenetic shifts, casting reverberations upon downstream target genes and intricate signaling pathways, most notably with cancer. This review provides a comprehensive overview of HNF4 alpha's involvement in tumor progression and metastasis, elucidating its role and underlying mechanisms.