Improving the Stability of Halide Perovskites for Photo-, Electro-, Photoelectro-Chemical Applications

Owing to their remarkable and adjustable optoelectronic properties, halide perovskites (HPs) have been regarded as a class of promising materials for various optoelectronic applications based on different energy conversion reactions, including photovoltaic cell, photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, and photoelectrochemical (PEC) systems. However, the low stability of HPs upon exposure to ambient conditions (e.g., water, heat, light, electricity) greatly hinders the practical applications of HPs. In the past few years, significant efforts have been devoted to enhancing the eventual stability of the perovskite-based optoelectronic systems, mainly focusing on delivering improvements in the stabilities of halide perovskite materials and the relevant operation conditions of optoelectronic systems, which deserve in-depth and systematic summaries. In this comprehensive review, the in-depth environment-induced decomposition mechanisms of typical HPs are elucidated. Simultaneously, the strategies for addressing the instability issues of halide perovskite materials are critically reviewed, including dimension control, compositional engineering, ligand passivation, and encapsulation engineering. Furthermore, the photoelectric applications based on the modified HPs and operation conditions are discussed systematically. In the last part of this review, future perspectives and outlooks toward the stability of HPs and their photoelectric applications are envisaged respectively. A comprehensive overview of improving the stability of the halide perovskites (HPs) for photo-, electro-, photoelectro-chemical applications, including the degradation routes and mechanisms of typical HPs, the strategies for stabilizing HPs, and recent advances in achieving relatively stable halide perovskite-based optoelectronic systems is highlighted. And future trends in the development of stable halide perovskite materials and the corresponding photoelectric systems are envisaged.image