Comparative study of the chemical composition and the antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities of Citrus aurantium essential oils extracted by conventional hydrodistillation and microwave-assisted hydrodistillation methods from Algeria

This study aims to evaluate the antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and antioxidant properties of essential oils obtained from the peels of Citrus aurantium and extracted with MAHD and HD. The various compounds detected include limonene and linalol. In this context, we used the methods of bovine serum albumin anti-denaturation to evaluate the anti-inflammatory property and glucose uptake by yeast cells to evaluate the antidiabeticone. The results of evaluating the antidiabetic and the anti-inflammatory activities indicate that the essential oil extracted by MAHD has greater efficiency compared to the essential oil extracted by HD. Besides, the antioxidant potential of the essential oil was evaluated using the DPPH free radical scavenging, reducing power, and beta-carotene/linoleic acid tests. Results show that the essential oil extracted by HD presents a high antioxidant activity. Moreover, essential oil is a potential source of important bioactive compounds and of possible synergistic effects among its components. To support the phytochemical analysis, an attempt was made to identify some potential compounds from Citrus aurantium essential oils that can inhibit important drug targets like bovine serum albumin (BSA), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and tubulin using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation methods.