Integrated organ immunity: a path to a universal vaccine

Here, I introduce the concept of ‘integrated organ immunity’ to explain how the innate and adaptive immune systems and non-haematopoietic cells can interact in tissues to generate enduring protective immunity against diverse pathogens in an antigen-agnostic manner. Considering immune responses through this framework could enable the design of a new class of vaccines termed ‘universal vaccines’ that are not pathogen specific.