Optimization-based Framework for Selecting Under-frequency Load Shedding Parameters
CoRR(2024)
摘要
High penetration of renewable resources results in a power system with lower
inertia and higher frequency sensitivity to power imbalances. Such systems are
becoming increasingly susceptible to frequency collapse during extreme
disturbances. Under-Frequency Load Shedding (UFLS) is a last-resort protection
scheme and acts as an emergency brake by shedding load to arrest frequency
decline. Current and emerging efforts to optimize UFLS settings and frequency
thresholds are mostly network agnostic, ignoring network spatial information.
With the prevalence of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) in the
high-renewable paradigm, the power grid is becoming more bidirectional, making
some locations in the network less effective for UFLS action than others. This
work proposes a Mixed Integer Linear Program that optimizes the UFLS setpoints
(prioritizing one location over another) to minimize frequency deviation and
load-shed for a given disturbance. The formulation considers system information
and DER generation mix at different network locations, increasing model
fidelity. The formulation also captures the discrete nature and practical time
delays and deadbands associated with UFLS using a minimal set of binary
variables, reducing problem complexity. We empirically validate the
optimization approach on the dynamic IEEE 39-bus system for performance
metrics, including frequency nadir, steady-state frequency and total load shed.
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