Enhancing solar efficiency around the clock through simultaneous solar energy harvesting and radiative cooling

Despite global urbanization, a significant part of the world's population lacks access to the electrical grid. Photovoltaic (PV) cells offer off-grid electricity but face efficiency challenges and shortened lifespans due to prolonged exposure to high temperatures. While PV cells traditionally generate electricity only during daylight, our innovative system integrates radiative cooling (RC), thermoelectric generators (TE), and phase change materials (PCM). In comprehensive tests, our system effectively lowered the PV module temperature by 15 degrees C during daylight at 800 W/m(2) irradiance. Under a clear night sky, it achieved a remarkable 20 % improvement in power generation (120 mV) compared to previous studies. This advancement positions our system as a continuous power source for sustained electricity generation in off-grid settings, contributing to temperature moderation and extending Photovoltaic module lifespan without compromising efficiency. To optimize performance, we used COMSOL software, analyzing factors like wind speed, ambient temperature, irradiation intensity, and the photovoltaic cell to thermoelectric generator area ratio. Insights from this analysis form the basis for future enhancements and upgrades.