A Study on the Coexistence of Anthropogenic and Natural Sources in a Three-Dimensional Aquifer

A study using mathematical modeling has been conducted to analyze how both man-made and natural sources of contaminants affect various layers of an aquifer-aquitard system. The xy-, yz-, and zx-plane have been used to depict the locations where the natural sources of contaminant occur on the xz- and yz-plane, and where the man-made sources occur, on the xy-plane. It is assumed that the sources occurring in different planes are constant, while the velocity of groundwater flow has been considered only along the x-axis. A three-dimensional advection dispersion equation (ADE) has been used to accurately model the flow of groundwater and contaminants through a porous medium. Three distinct sources exert their influence on three separate planes throughout the entire duration of this study, thus making it possible to model these sources using initial conditions. This study presents a profile of contaminant concentration in space and time when constant sources are located on different planes. Some physical assumptions have been considered to make the model relatable to real-world phenomena. Often, finding stability conditions for numerical solutions becomes difficult, so an unconditionally stable solution is more appreciable. The homotopy analysis method (HAM), a method known for its unconditional stability, has been used to solve a three-dimensional mathematical model (ADE) along with its initial conditions. Man-made sources show more impact than equal-strength natural sources in the aquifer-aquitard system.