Observing the quantum Mpemba effect in quantum simulations
arxiv(2024)
摘要
The non-equilibrium physics of many-body quantum systems harbors various
unconventional phenomena. In this study, we experimentally investigate one of
the most puzzling of these phenomena – the quantum Mpemba effect, where a
tilted ferromagnet restores its symmetry more rapidly when it is farther from
the symmetric state compared to when it is closer. We present the first
experimental evidence of the occurrence of this effect in a trapped-ion quantum
simulator. The symmetry breaking and restoration are monitored through
entanglement asymmetry, probed via randomized measurements, and postprocessed
using the classical shadows technique. Our findings are further substantiated
by measuring the Frobenius distance between the experimental state and the
stationary thermal symmetric theoretical state, offering direct evidence of
subsystem thermalization.
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