Effect of Si Doping and Active Carbon Surface Modifications on the Structure and Electrical Performance of Li4Ti5O12 Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries

The spinel lithium-ion battery anode material Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) exhibits stable cycling and is less prone to lithium dendrite and solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) films. However, its theoretical capacity and conductivity are low within the electrochemical window of 1.0–3.0 V. In this study, we utilized active carbon (AC) coated and micron Silicon (Si) doped Li4Ti5O12, applying an extended electrochemical window of 0.01–3.0 V during cycling to enhance the material's electrochemical performance. Our investigation revealed that bare LTO sample as well as those with single Silicon doping or active carbon coating experienced rapid decay during high-rate long cycling tests. Conversely, the Silicon-carbon composite LSiAC sample (87 wt