Loophole-free test of local realism via Hardy's violation
arxiv(2024)
摘要
Bell's theorem states that quantum mechanical description on physical
quantity cannot be fully explained by local realistic theories, and lays solid
basis for various quantum information applications. Hardy's paradox is
celebrated to be the simplest form of Bell's theorem concerning its "All versus
Nothing" way to test local realism. However, due to experimental imperfections,
existing tests of Hardy's paradox require additional assumptions of
experimental systems, which constitute potential loopholes for faithfully
testing local realistic theories. Here, we experimentally demonstrate Hardy's
nonlocality through a photonic entanglement source. By achieving a detection
efficiency of 82.2%, a quantum state fidelity of 99.10% and applying high
speed quantum random number generators for measurement setting switching, the
experiment is implemented in a loophole-free manner. During 6 hours of
running, a strong violation of P_Hardy=4.646× 10^-4 up to 5
standard deviations is observed with 4.32× 10^9 trials. A null
hypothesis test shows that the results can be explained by local realistic
theories with an upper bound probability of 10^-16348. These testing
results present affirmative evidence against local realism, and provide an
advancing benchmark for quantum information applications based on Hardy's
paradox.
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