A Comprehensive Review on Limitations of Autonomous Driving and Its Impact on Accidents and Collisions

The emergence of autonomous driving represents a pivotal milestone in the evolution of the transportation system, integrating seamlessly into the daily lives of individuals due to its array of advantages over conventional vehicles. However, self-driving cars pose numerous challenges contributing to accidents and injuries annually. This paper aims to comprehensively examine the limitations inherent in autonomous driving and their consequential impact on accidents and collisions. Using data from the DMV, NMVCCS, and NHTSA, the paper reveals the key factors behind self-driving car accidents. It delves into prevalent limitations faced by self-driving cars, encompassing issues like adverse weather conditions, susceptibility to hacking, data security concerns, technological efficacy, testing and validation intricacies, information handling, and connectivity glitches. By meticulously analyzing reported accidents involving self-driving cars during the period spanning 2019 to 2022, the research evaluates statistical data pertaining to fatalities and injuries across diverse accident classifications. Additionally, the paper delves into the ethical and regulatory dimensions associated with autonomous driving, accentuating the legal complexities that arise from accidents involving self-driving vehicles. This review assists researchers and professionals by identifying current autonomous driving limitations and offering insights for safer adoption. Addressing these limitations through research can transform transportation systems for the better.