Power transmission system’s fault location, detection, and classification: Pay close attention to transmission nodes

•A new fault diagnostic is proposed for fault localization, detection, and classification in power transmission systems.•Adds spatial characteristics to the training procedure, allowing the model to derive a richer topological understanding from the data and show more resistance to anomalous data and varying circumstances.•An MSA Network is designed to extract fault characteristics, enhancing the model's data-analyzing abilities.•An MLP Network that uses non-linear mapping abilities, characteristic representation competencies, and abstraction power is designed.