Association between demographics, socioeconomics, and disease-related factors and the perception of stigma in people with MS

Background: Stigma is prevalent among individuals with chronic diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and those with comorbid mental health disorders, but its associated factors are poorly understood. Objective: To investigate the prevalence and correlates of stigma in people living with MS. Methods: We analyzed data from the MS Partners Advancing Technology and Health Solutions (MS PATHS) network, which collected patient information and outcomes during routine clinic visits. We used a multinomial logistic regression model to examine the cross-sectional association between stigma and demographic, socioeconomics, and MS-related factors. Results: We included 11,634 participants. The mean Neuro-QoL stigma T-score was 47.2 +/- 8.6, and 17.7% of participants were classified as having moderate to severe stigma using established cutoffs. Multinomial logistic regression models suggest that higher disability levels, progressive form of the disease, shorter duration of the disease, and unemployment were associated with higher stigma while being male, married, undergoing treatment with high-efficacy disease-modifying therapies (DMTs), and being from European MS centers were associated with lower stigma perception. Disability levels, measured by Patient-Determined Disease Steps (PDDS), had the strongest independent association with stigma. Conclusion: Stigma remains a relevant issue for people living with MS. Factors, such as physical and cognitive disability, DMT, and employment status may influence the severity of perceived stigma.