Hunting for Hypercharge Anapole Dark Matter in All Spin Scenarios
Physical Review D(2024)
摘要
We conduct a combined analysis to investigate dark matter (DM) with
hypercharge anapole moments, focusing on scenarios where Majorana DM particles
with spin 1/2, 1, 3/2, and 2 interact exclusively with Standard Model particles
through U(1)_Y hypercharge anapole terms for the first time. For
completeness, we construct general effective U(1) gauge-invariant three-point
vertices. These enable the generation of hypercharge gauge-invariant
interaction vertices for both a virtual photon γ and a virtual Z boson
with two identical massive Majorana particles of any non-zero spin s, after
the spontaneous breaking of electroweak gauge symmetry. For complementarity, we
adopt effective operators tailored to each dark matter spin allowing crossing
symmetry. We calculate the relic abundance, analyze current constraints and
future sensitivities from dark matter direct detection and collider
experiments, and apply the conceptual naive perturbativity bound. Our
estimations based on a generalized vertex calculation demonstrate that the
scenario with a higher-spin DM is more stringently constrained than a
lower-spin DM, primarily due to the reduced annihilation cross-section and/or
the enhanced rate of LHC mono-jet events. As a remarkable outcome, the spin-2
anapole DM scenario is almost entirely excluded, while the high-luminosity LHC
exhibits high sensitivities in probing spin-1 and 3/2 scenarios, except for a
tiny parameter range of DM mass around 1 TeV. A significant portion of the
remaining parameter space in the spin-1/2 DM scenario can be explored through
upcoming Xenon experiments, with more than 20 ton-year exposure equivalent to
approximately 5 years of running the XENONnT experiment.
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