Implementation of Above-Cuff Vocalization After Tracheostomy Is Feasible and Associated With Earlier Speech

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of hospitalwide implementation of an above -cuff vocalization (ACV) protocol using ACVcapable tracheostomy tubes and its impact on patient speech in four intensive care unit (ICU) patient populations. Method: This research was an observational pre-post study that was conducted over a 26 -month period and included 323 critically ill adult ICU patients who underwent tracheostomy in a 365 -bed academic tertiary care hospital. ACV was assessed using a protocol developed by a multidisciplinary team. Presence of speech was defined as at least one comprehensible word spoken during a speech -language pathologist evaluation. Results: Median time -to -speech was 13 days (interquartile range [IQR]: 8- 20 days) before the intervention, compared to 9 days (IQR: 6-16 days) after the intervention (p = .0017). In the pre -intervention group, 101 out of 167 (60.5%) patients achieved speech within 60 days, compared to 83 out of 133 (62.4%) patients in the post -intervention group (p = .12). Of the 83 patients who achieved speech in the post -intervention group, 24 (28.9%) did so via ACV, with the remainder using a speaking valve or digital occlusion. Of those 24 patients, seven did not progress to using a speaking valve within the follow-up period. The median number of speech days gained by using ACV was 8 (IQR: 5- 18 days). ACV was successful in facilitating speech in 24 out of 29 (82.8%) patients trialed, with no major complications. Conclusions: Routine implementation of ACV after tracheostomy is feasible, safe, and associated with earlier speech in a diverse population of critically ill patients. ACV is an important method to facilitate communication in patients requiring mechanical ventilation with tracheostomy cuff inflation.