Bovine Milk Derived Exosomes Affect Gut Microbiota of DSS-Induced Colitis Mice

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of bovine milk derived exosomes (MDEs) on the gut microbiota of Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis mice. Total of 42 specific pathogen free (SPF) male BALB/c mice (3 weeks old) were randomly assigned to three groups including control group, DSS group (DSS) and bovine milk derived exosome group (Exo), with 7 replicates/cages per treatment and two mice in one cage. 16S rRNA gene sequencing of cecal digesta samples was conducted. DSS significantly decreased the average daily feed intake of mice in DSS and Exo groups ( P = 0.03). Shannon index of the DSS group was significantly lower than the control group ( P < 0.05) whereas no difference between the control group and Exo group was observed. Administration of MDEs tended to increase the relative abundance of Campylobaterota . Compared to the control group, the relative abundance of Roseburia was significantly decreased in the DSS group ( P < 0.05) whereas no difference between the Exo group and control group was observed. MDEs also tended to increase the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae_UCG_006. In conclusion, oral administration of 10 µL MDEs (1 mg/mL) positively affected gut microbiota of DSS-induced colitis mice. The results of this study provided valuable reference for MDEs application in the prevention and treatment of colitis.