The link on extraneous non-repelling cycles of Schr?der's methods of the first and second kind

JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLICATIONS(2024)

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摘要
Let ??,? and ??,? be the functions defined in Schroder's method of the first and second kind for an entire function f with given order n (?>= 2), respectively. Based on unrefined algebra characterizations of ??,? and ??,?, we obtain some sufficient conditions on f such that both ??,? and ??,? possess given finite pairs of extraneous non-repelling cycles. Here, these conditions are a pair of equations, which have infinitely many polynomials or transcendental entire functions as its solutions. For obtaining some solutions f of such equations, we provide a step-by-step method. We start from any solution g in corresponding equations so that the function ??,2 possesses the above finite pairs of extraneous cycles but all are super-attracting, and then f can be obtained by a series of formulas concerning the function g, points and multipliers of those cycles. Note that ??,2=??,2 is identical with Newton's method for f. In a sense, this fact reveals that some extraneous super-attracting cycles of Newton's method imply certain extraneous non-repelling cycles of any method from the two families of methods. More generally, for any given orders n and m, some extraneous non-repelling cycles of ??,? or ??,? imply that of ??,? or ??,? for some entire functions f and F. These give a partial answer for the problem of finding possible link between the two families of methods, which was posed by Steven Smale in 1994.
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关键词
schroder's method,cycle,attracting basin,parabolic basin,siegel disk
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