Fabrication of a novel biomaterial of mono-layer of halloysite nanotube-magnesium oxide/ -tricalcium phosphate composite on implant substrate: Structural and biological properties

In the present study, a novel composite coating consisting of magnesium oxide on halloysite nanotube (HNTMgO) and doping of zinc and strontium ions in beta-tricalcium phosphate (Mn+-beta-TCP). The monolayers of biomaterials were developed by coating HNT-MgO-Mn+-beta-TCP on Ti-6Al-4V alloy using the electrophoretic method. The physicochemical properties such as functional groups, phase composition, surface morphology, cross-section, and chemical composition of biomaterials were characterized by adopted analytical techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, Scanning electron microscopy-Energy dispersive spectroscopy, Atomic force microscopy, High-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The cytotoxic activity of the prepared composite was tested against osteosarcoma MG-63 cells using MTT assay, and AO/EB staining the results clearly showed, that by increasing the composite concentration (5-100 mu g/ml) the cell viability was reduced. Further, a cell adhesion study was performed by FE-SEM analysis, which showed that the MG-63 cells could inhibit and restrict the HNT-MgO-Mn+-beta-TCP monolayer composite. The composite coating confirms the significant anticancer activity against osteosarcoma cells suggesting it is a promising candidate for further studies for practical orthopedic applications.