Structural, linear and nonlinear optical properties of perovskite BaTiO3 tri-doped Er/Yb/Zn embedded in tellurium-zinc glass

Due to their excellent nonlinear optical characteristics, tellurium-zinc glass and perovskite structures have gained significant attention. In particular, perovskite-type BaTiO3 shows excellent potential for application in photonics devices. This study investigates structural, linear, and nonlinear optical properties of pure tellurium-zinc glass with embedded perovskites. Both glasses were prepared using the conventional melt-quenching method, and their structural modifications were analyzed through Raman spectroscopy. Optical absorption spectra revealed a redshift in the absorption edge, indicating a decrease in the band gap energy by the presence of the perovskite nanoparticles. When adding perovskite nanoparticles, Raman scattering results demonstrated decreased bridging and non-bridging oxygen ratio and structural changes. This suggests that the perovskite nanoparticles alter the local environment by affecting the Te-O- Zn2+ or Te=O bonds, resulting in a variation of the polarizability. Finally, the average nonlinear refractive for the glass containing perovskite nanoparticles is on the order of 0.3 x 10-18 m2 W-1 in the wavelength range of 580-990 nm, which is the same as of the pure glass. Thus, while the NP particles influence the arrangement of structural units and the linear optical response, their impact is not significant in the nonlinear refractive index. The observed modifications in structural and optical properties are relevant for advancing the use of perovskites in photonics.