Waste ceramic frit as novel catalyst triggering sodium borohydride methanolysis reaction

Hydrogen energy is remarkable as a clean and efficient energy source alternative to fossil fuels. In recent years, hydrogen production from methanolysis of borohydride species has been the subject of many studies. Catalysts are of critical importance in hydrogen production with NaBH4. The widespread and commercial availability of this process depends on the cost and sustainability of the catalysts. Due to the cost and environmental impacts of metal -containing or metal -doped support materials used as catalysts, low-cost, environmentally friendly, and high -activity catalysts are being investigated. For this purpose, waste ceramic frits were used as catalysts in the NaBH4 methanolysis reaction. The hydrogen generation rates (HGR) of 11 different frits were compared. The oxide contents of these frits were determined by XRF analysis, and the two frits with the highest HGR values were characterized by XRD and SEM-EDX methods. For the two frits identified by code F1 and F2, initial rates of 10,027 mL/min.g(cat) and 8839 mL/min.g(cat) were obtained at 30(degrees)C with 0.05 g catalyst and 1.25 % NaBH4, respectively. The activation energies of F1 and F2 frits were calculated as 18.27 kJ/mol and 29.71 kJ/mol, respectively.