Surrogate-based shape optimization and sensitivity analysis on the aerodynamic performance of HCW configuration

With an additional wing upon the fuselage, the novel high-pressure capturing wing (HCW) configuration exhibits remarkable aerodynamic characteristics at hypersonic speeds under beneficial aerodynamic interference. This bi-wing structure can also enhance the lift at subsonic speeds, positioning HCW configuration as an excellent aerodynamic layout under wide-speed range conditions. In this paper, a single-wing principle HCW configuration is carried out to analyze the influence of the variations in the geometric parameters of the HCW on the aerodynamic performance. Drawing on extant research, four key geometric parameters of the HCW are chosen as design variables, and the hypersonic as well as supersonic conditions are selected for surrogate-based shape optimization. Utilizing polynomial response surface method and method of moving asymptotes, the single-objective optimization studies are carried out with the objectives of maximum lift-to-drag ratio at Ma = 6 and minimum drag coefficient at Ma = 3. Subsequently, the sensitivity analysis is performed for each design parameter. The above methods exhibit notable precision and favorable results. The results show that except for the leading-edge sweep angle, the other three optimization results exhibit divergent trends in their variations. The setting angle has the most significant influence on the aerodynamic forces, owing to the influences of its variation on the shock wave intensity and reflection angle. Based on the stronger intensity of shock wave, this sensitivity indices are higher at Ma = 6. The other three parameters (half-span, leading-edge sweep angle, and trailing-edge sweep angle) modify the aerodynamic forces by adjusting the area of high-pressure region on HCW. Due to the different flow field structures, optimum parameters exhibit diverse effects on lift coefficient and lift-to-drag ratio.