Above-ground plant properties are not leading indicators of grazing-induced soil carbon accrual in the Northern Great Plains

A new aim for grassland management is to increase soil organic carbon (SOC) and to offset CO2 emissions by companies. This practice of carbon ranching may be informed by grazing-induced shifts in plant biomass and diversity which may foretell changes in SOC. Unfortunately, little is known about how grazing-induced shifts in plant properties correspond with shifts in SOC stocks. To help fill this gap, we used data from a field experiment to test whether above-ground plant properties (i.e. biomass, species richness) act as leading indicators of grazinginduced SOC accrual in the Northern Great Plains. The 5-yr bovine grazing experiment had a randomized complete block design and pre-treatment data. Moderate summer grazing (control) is widely used in the Northern Great Plains, and treatments that may alter grassland vegetation and SOC included: severe summer grazing, moderate fall grazing, and severe fall grazing. Severe fall and summer grazing increased SOC but had no effect on plant species richness and biomass relative to controls. Fall moderate grazing increased above-ground plant biomass but had no effect on SOC relative to controls. Changes to grazing practices can affect SOC without measurably affecting plant properties and can affect plant properties without measurably affecting SOC. While two drivers of SOC are plant carbon inputs and microbial respiration, our study indicates that grazing-induced change in above-ground vegetation is not predictive of change in SOC.