Recent advances on the role of pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-18 in post-stroke depression

Post-stroke depression (PSD) is a prevalent neuropsychiatric condition that affects approximately one-third of stroke survivors, leading to impaired rehabilitation and reduced quality of life. Despite its significant impact, the precise mechanisms underlying PSD remain incompletely understood. Emerging evidence suggests that inflammation may play a pivotal role in its pathogenesis. Notably, recent studies have highlighted the involvement of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-18 (IL-18) in PSD. Elevated levels of IL-18 following stroke have been observed, indicating its potential contribution to the propagation of inflammation, disruption of neurotransmitter balance, and neuronal damage. IL-18 may also serve as a valuable biomarker for predicting the risk of PSD. Moreover, dysregulation of IL-18 signaling has emerged as a critical factor in the development of PSD. Therefore, modulating IL-18 expression holds promise as a strategy to prevent the progression of PSD. This review provided a comprehensive summary of the current evidence elucidating the diverse immunological and pathological mechanisms of IL-18 in PSD. We also assessed therapeutic strategies that target IL-18 signaling for the management and treatment of PSD. By elucidating the multifaceted role of IL-18 in PSD, this review provides insights into potential therapeutic avenues for improving the outcomes and well-being of individuals affected by PSD.