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水热法合成3-硝基吡唑的工艺优化

TONG Zhi-ke,WANG Ming-ya, CHEN Jun, HOU Lu, DING Qian-nan,SHEN Fan-fan,PAN Hong-xia, LI Yong-xiang,CAO Duan-lin

Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants(2023)

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Abstract
为解决合成3-硝基吡唑(3-NP)时重排时间长、重排试剂毒性大、N-硝基吡唑(N-NP)易升华等问题,以N-硝基吡唑为原料,采用水热法以二甲苯作为重排溶剂制备了3-NP;并采用显微镜和红外光谱对其结构进行了表征.对水热法重排反应温度、反应时间、填充度等因素进行了优化.结果表明,该方法较佳反应条件为:反应温度180℃,保温时间3h,填充度为15%,对应理论压力为6.130 MPa,此时3-NP 得率为100%,产品纯度稳定在99%以上,该工艺所得产物无需进行后处理可直接使用;重排溶剂二甲苯在水热法中固液体积比(N-NP∶二甲苯)为1∶3 时产品得率较高,大大节约了溶剂成本,重排试剂价格低、易得、毒性小,水热法有望替代传统合成3-NP工艺.
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Key words
organic chemistry,melt-cast carrier explosive,3-nitropyrazole,hydrothermal method,thermal rearrangement,nitrogen heterocyclic compounds
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