Geodynamic Controls on Basaltic Volcanism in the Arabian Peninsula: Evolution of Harrat Uwayrid, Saudi Arabia
GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS(2023)
摘要
Basaltic lavas from Harrat Uwayrid, Saudi Arabia, record the evolving magmatic and tectonic context of the Arabian Peninsula from at least the mid-Miocene to the present day. New 40Ar/39Ar ages spanning from the mid to late Miocene reveal that mid-Miocene mafic volcanism formed a large, subalkaline volcanic plateau parallel to Red Sea rifts. Subsequent volumetrically subordinate late Miocene-Quaternary alkaline volcanism erupted monogenetic cinder cones roughly orthogonal to the earlier volcanic field. The source region for all samples was affected by both fluid and silicate metasomatism; inferred mantle mineral assemblages include amphibole for mid-Miocene lavas and phlogopite for late Miocene-Quaternary samples. Calculated melting depths become shallower with time across the Miocene volcanic episode (similar to 20-15 Ma) but become deeper in the late Miocene to Quaternary (similar to 10-0 Ma), indicating melting pressures and temperatures significantly higher than those recorded in Miocene lavas despite progressive lithospheric thinning. We offer a two-stage model for the formation of Harrat Uwayrid: (a) Early- and mid-Miocene rifting associated with the Red Sea opening facilitated adiabatic melting of uppermost mantle lithosphere to form the early volcanic plateau and (b) Plate motion changes in the mid- and late-Miocene initiated the Dead Sea Fault and destabilized a dense pyroxenitic lower lithosphere leading to foundering or lithospheric drip beneath Harrat Uwayrid that allowed deep lithospheric melting and formed the young volatile-rich eruptives. Mafic volcanism at Harrat Uwayrid records the geodynamic evolution of the Arabian plate margin since the OligoceneMio-Pliocene lavas formed from adiabatic melting as a result of lithospheric extension associated with spreading of the Red SeaVolatile-rich Quaternary alkaline basalts reflect melting of hydrated metasomatized lithosphere
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关键词
harrat volcanism,Arabian plate,lithospheric foundering,mantle metasomatism,basalt geochemistry,cinder cones
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