Seasonal Dynamics of the Microbiota and Nutritional Composition in Bee Bread from Apis cerana and Apis mellifera Colonies

•We conducted the analysis of the microbial community structure in bee bread across different seasons.•We explored the correlation between the microbial community and nutrient composition in bee bread through the integration of multiple omics data.•By analysing 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA high-throughput sequencing data, we found that the microbial diversity of Apis mellifera bee bread was higher than that of Apis cerana bee bread at both the phylum and genus levels.•Glycerophospholipid metabolism was active during both spring and winter in both types of bee bread.