Single-shot diffusion trace-weighted MR spectroscopy: Comparison with unipolar and bipolar diffusion-weighted point-resolved spectroscopy

This study demonstrates the feasibility and performance of the point-resolved spectroscopy (PRESS)-based, single-shot diffusion trace-weighted sequence in quantifying the trace apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in phantom and in vivo using a 3-T MRI/MRS scanner. The single-shot diffusion trace-weighted PRESS sequence was implemented and compared with conventional diffusion-weighted (DW)-PRESS variants using bipolar and unipolar diffusion-sensitizing gradients. Nine phantom datasets were acquired using each sequence, and seven volunteers were scanned in three different brain regions to determine the range and variability of trace ADC values, and to allow a comparison of trace ADCs among the sequences. This sequence results in a comparatively stable range of trace ADC values that are statistically significantly higher than those produced from unipolar and bipolar DW-PRESS sequences. Only total n-acetylaspartate, total creatine, and total choline were reliably estimated in all sequences with Cramer-Rao lower bounds of, at most, 20%. The larger trace ADCs from the single-shot sequences are probably attributable to the shorter diffusion time relative to the other sequences. Overall, this study presents the first demonstration of the single-shot diffusion trace-weighted sequence in a clinical scanner at 3 T. The results show excellent agreement of phantom trace ADCs computed with all sequences, and in vivo ADCs agree well with the expected differences between gray and white matter. The diffusion trace-weighted sequence could provide an estimate of the trace ADC in a shorter scan time (by nearly a factor of 3) compared with conventional DW-PRESS approaches that require three separate orthogonal directions. This study presents the first demonstration of the single-shot diffusion trace-weighted sequence in a clinical scanner at 3 T, and we compare the trace apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values obtained with this sequence with those computed from conventional DW-PRESS sequences with bipolar and unipolar diffusion gradients, both in phantom and in vivo.image