Impact of living with an adult with depressive symptoms among households in the United States

Background: The effect of depressive symptoms on individuals has been widely studied but their impact on households remains less explored. This study assessed the humanistic and economic impact of living with an adult with depressive symptoms on adults without depressive symptoms among households in the United States (US). Methods: The Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) Household Component database was used to identify adults without depressive symptoms living in households with >= 1 adult with depressive symptoms (depression household) and adults without depressive symptoms living in households without an adult with depressive symptoms (no-depression household). Weighted generalized linear models with clustered standard errors were used to compare total income (USD 2020), employment status, workdays missed, quality of life (QoL), and healthcare resource utilization (HRU) between cohorts. Results: Adults without depressive symptoms living in a depression household (n = 1699) earned $4720 less in total annual income (representing 11.3% lower than the average income of $41,634 in MEPS), were less likely to be employed, missed more workdays per year, and had lower QoL than adults without depressive symptoms living in a no-depression household (n = 15,286). Differences in total annual healthcare costs and for most types of HRU, except for increased outpatient mental health-related visits, were not significant. Limitations: Data is subject to reporting bias, misclassification, and other inaccuracies. Causal inferences could not be established. Conclusion: The economic and humanistic consequences of depressive symptoms may extend beyond the affected adults and impact other adult members of the household.