Type-II Apollonian Model

The family of planar graphs is a particularly important family and models many real-world networks. In this paper, we propose a principled framework based on the widely-known Apollonian packing process to generate new planar network, i.e., Type-II Apollonian network 𝒜_t. The manipulation is different from that of the typical Apollonian network, and is proceeded in terms of the iterative addition of triangle instead of vertex. As a consequence, network 𝒜_t turns out to be hamiltonian and eulerian, however, the typical Apollonian network is not. Then, we in-depth study some fundamental structural properties on network 𝒜_t, and verify that network 𝒜_t is sparse like most real-world networks, has scale-free feature and small-world property, and exhibits disassortative mixing structure. Next, we design an effective algorithm for solving the problem of how to enumerate spanning trees on network 𝒜_t, and derive the asymptotic solution of the spanning tree entropy, which suggests that Type-II Apollonian network is more reliable to a random removal of edges than the typical Apollonian network. Additionally, we study trapping problem on network 𝒜_t, and use average trapping time as metric to show that Type-II Apollonian network 𝒜_t has better structure for fast information diffusion than the typical Apollonian network.