Highly selective analysis of glipizide as an antidiabetic drug in urine samples using HPLC-DAD technique via magnetic nanocomposites (Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@tryptophan)

The extraction of endogenous compounds and drugs from complex biological matrices such as bio fluids and solid tissues necessitates an appropriate analytical approach that allows for qualitative and quantitative analysis because of the very low concentrations of the target species. This present work surveys the universe to isolate, purify, and immobilize an antidiabetic drugs such as glipizide biomolecules in urine samples using a magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-DAD). To accomplish this purpose, a synthesis strategy of silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles functionalized with Tryptophan which is known as an amino acid to be applied as sorbent for (MSPE) is elaborated and analyzed. The structural and optical properties of the new magnetic nanocomposite have been investigated using Scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR) techniques. In addition, HPLC analysis was carried out for the detection and determination of glipizide concentration in urine samples after magnetic solid phase extraction. After MSPE, the linear range for glipizide molecules (R-2 > 0.9942) was obtained in the range of 15.00-900.00 ng mL(-1). The calculations yielded a limit of detection (LOD) of 4.38 ng mL(-1) and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 14.71 ng mL(-1). Additionally, the relative standard deviation (RSDs %) was found to be below 3.8 %. Furthermore, the recovery values for synthetic urine were 96.5 %, 96.6 %, and 102.5 %, and for human urine were 104.5 %, 106.1 %, and 97.1 %. These findings indicate that the combined use of MSPE with HPLC-DAD is an effective and valuable approach for accurately determining the concentration of glipizide in human urine samples.