Is perioperative chemotherapy effective in patients with localized myxoid liposarcoma?

Background This study aimed to compare the local recurrence, distant metastasis and disease-specific survival rates of patients with localized myxoid liposarcoma in the surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy group versus the surgery alone group.Methods A total of 456 patients in the Japanese National Bone and Soft Tissue Tumour Registry database who had localized myxoid liposarcoma and underwent surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy or surgery alone between 2001 and 2019 were included in this retrospective study. The study adjusted for background differences between patients who underwent surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy (n = 228) or surgery alone (n = 228) using propensity score matching.Results Univariate analysis showed no significant difference in local recurrence rate between the two groups (5-year local recurrence-free survival: 98.6% [95% confidence interval: 95.9-99.6] vs. 94.0% [95% confidence interval: 89.7-96.6], P = 0.052). Univariate analysis showed no difference in the incidence of distant metastases between the two groups (5-year distant metastasis-free survival: 80.5% [95% confidence interval: 73.9-85.8] vs. 75.1% [95% confidence interval: 67.7-81.2], P = 0.508). Univariate analysis showed no difference in disease-specific survival between the two groups (5-year disease-specific survival: 92.6% [95% confidence interval: 86.1-96.2] vs. 93.2% [95% confidence interval: 87.6-96.4], P = 0.804). In the high-risk group (n = 203) with high-grade tumours and tumour size >= 10 cm, there were no significant differences in the local recurrence, distant metastasis and disease-specific survival rates between the surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy group and the surgery alone group.Conclusion The effect of adjuvant chemotherapy on localized myxoid liposarcoma appears to be limited. There was no differences in clinical outcomes between the surgery plus adjuvant chemotherapy and the surgery alone for localized myxoid liposarcoma. Hence, the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy appears to be limited.