Synthesis and characterisation of magnesium-wrapped hydroxyapatite nanomaterials for biomedical applications

The advancement of novel nanobiomaterials holds significant importance in the fields of drug delivery and environmental remediation. Hydroxyapatite, which falls under the category of bioceramic materials, has demonstrated efficacy as a bone graft material. The substitution of cations in hydroxyapatite has been found to enhance its biological properties, making it a promising material for various biomedical applications. In this study, the synthesis of Mg2+ substituted hydroxyapatite nanostructures was conducted through the sol-gel method employing different surfactants, namely polyethylene glycol and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. The resulting nanoparticles were subjected to analysis to evaluate their structural, morphological, and optical characteristics. The antimicrobial and antioxidant behavior of the Mg2+ doped hydroxyapatite nanoparticles were also studied. The XRD analysis showed a hexagonal crystal structure for Mg2+ doped hydroxyapatite nanostructures for all samples. The Raman and FTIR results also confirmed the successful substitution of divalent cation Mg2+ in hydroxyapatite. EDAX results exhibited the qualitative elemental composition and stoichiometric nature of synthesized hydroxyapatite. The optical study showed higher transmission in the visible region for the Mg2+ doped hydroxyapatite prepared using various surfactants. The microbial restriction efficacy of Mg2+ doped hydroxyapatite prepared using various surfactants was examined against human pathogenic bacterias Shigella flexneri (MTCC-2197), Escherichia coli (MTCC-4213), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC-3131), Klebseilla pneumoniae (MTCC-1214), and Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC-3123). The hydroxyapatite nano biomaterial doped with Mg2+ demonstrates remarkable antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant properties. The HeLa cell lines exhibited significant cytotoxicity when exposed to magnesium ion-doped hydroxyapatite nanoparticles.