A Remedy to Losing Time Synchronization at D-PMUs, H-PMUs, and WMUs in Event Location Identification in Power Distribution Systems

Recent advancements in synchronized sensor technologies has introduced an unprecedented level of visibility in power distribution systems. Apart from the Distribution-level Phasor Measurement Units (D-PMUs), a.k.a. micro-PMUs, that have been widely used in recent years, other synchronized sensors have also been developed in this field, including Harmonic Phasor Measurement Units (H-PMUs) and Waveform Measurement Units (WMUs). However, in practice, it is common for these sensors to lose time synchronization over some periods of time and for different reasons. In this paper, we propose new and customized solutions to tackle loss of time synchronization in D-PMUs, H-PMUs, and WMUs, whereby addressing the unique challenges in each case. Our focus is on solving the event location identification problem, for different types of steady-state and transient events. We show that, our methods can maintain high accuracy in event location identification, despite losing time synchronization, whether we use D-PMUs, H-PMUs, or WMUs.